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As her title suggests, Hutton perceives the work as
a meta-response to three influential conceptualists
of their time- both Kaprow's Some Statements on Happenings
and Lewitt's Sentences on Conceptual Art provide
an art-making model for Hutton to frame her work within,
while Baldessari's 1972 performance of Lewitt's Sentences
(entitled Baldessari Sings Lewitt) references
a process of appropriation and conceptual restructuring
apparent in many of Hutton's processes. The artist describes
the piece's process as "painterly" in that:
"I worked with truly artless deliberation, and
then wrangled the results into a cohesive digital form."
While such a method is typical to many artists' process,
in Actions, it becomes central to the function and delivery
of this piece.
Actions operates as a meditation on working
between a limited system, established by Kaprow's and
Lewitt's works - and between the set geography-of Hutton's
hometown, Mission Beach. In a sense, Hutton's process
of gathering information, followed by organizing it,
can be seen as an attempt to inject a level of chaos
into Lewitt's rationalized Sentences. Indeed,
by taking a deliberately chaotic approach to assembling
material, Hutton inverts Lewitt's sentence, "Conceptual
artists are mystics rather than rationalists,"
and reclaims it so that: Lewitt becomes the rationalist,
and Hutton the mystic. In this way, the digital medium
becomes an opportunity for Hutton to revisit a past
art practice, by reconceiving it through a new media.
Her work is not a transposition of old ideas into new
technology; however, Hutton compares her process to
a play or concert, where one might see variations between
performances even though the same work and notes are
performed. Even this analogy minimizes her own contribution
within her media. It is better to consider the work's
emphasis on the notion of 'place' - a development motivated
both by the influence of Kaprow and by Hutton's own
artistic interests - than to just examine it through
Hutton's initial concept relating to process.
Hutton's use of the Mission Beach, given the work's
immaterial presentation, is highly significant. The
artist mentioned throughout that she was "trying
to keep the audience close", however highly mediated
documentation, does shift the viewer's experience away
from her immediate activities and sense of place. This
strategy seems reminiscent of work by Smithson and Long,
both of whom required audiences to conceptually recreate
the artists' activities through documentation. The means
by which Smithson situated his work midway between presence
and absence or construction is echoed not only in Hutton's
re-presentation of a physical site through digital means,
but in the numerous ways Hutton's images are modified,
complicated, and compromised. Smithson's prolific use
of language is also echoed in Hutton's appropriation
of Lewitt, though her appropriated language is used
as a means of privileging the digital process. While
Hutton works with a gentle and often humorous touch,
in striking contrast to Smithson's apocalyptic notions
of regression and entropy, one can easily draw a conceptual
parallel between the ephemeral nature of Hutton's digital
presentation and Smithson's conception of language as
a liable and fluid particulate structure.
That being said, one must be careful not to overemphasize
either process or place in the function of the piece
- the strength of Actions lies, in many instances, with
the aggregate nature of Hutton's means and methods,
from the appropriated to the recontextualization of
works to form original expression. Hutton's process
simultaneously implies a rigid formal method and the
potential for infinite activity within her prescribed
constraints; likewise, any accompanying notion of place
exists, given the nature of her medium, in both entirely
physical and entirely ephemeral conceptions. This seemingly
paradoxical simultaneity, reminiscent, as Hutton notes,
of Kaprow's ideas of interrelatedness, is what makes
the work effective.
While the viewer can control the presentation of her
work, the majority of what one might term 'interaction'
occurs at a more conceptual level. Just as many of the
images slide and foreground between disconnect frames,
the interstices between pages highlight the shifting
nature of the viewing experience - between physical
and intangible, original and appropriated, preconceived
and arbitrarily inspired. It is precisely this subtle
interplay between artist, medium, and viewer, which
adds dynamics the viewing experience. As Hutton wrote:
"Perhaps one of the functions of art is that a
new idea occurring in the observer's mind is just as
important as the artist's intention or the material
used to bring this about." I too would have to
agree.
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