As a comic strip, The Masterpiece is expectedly dichotomous,
inhabiting dual roles as an avant-garde form and popular
form. The work takes strong visual cues from the stylistic
and narrative conventions of film-noire, pulp-horror
magazines, and even what Plender refers to as a pre-televisual
vaudeville, situating the illustrations and content
comic somewhere in a timeless, almost Victorian-chic
mod-scene. Plender references, whether through visual
clues or direct excerption, from an endless variegation
of sources. These sources include the retro and popular,
such as Fritz Lang's classic science fiction film, Metropolis,
the surrealist, including the films of Buñuel
and Dali, as well as the abstract with sources ranging
from superhero comics to French New Wave film. Specifically,
the work draws its name from Emile Zola's 1886 novel
of the same name, which Plender lightheartedly quotes
as "a literary portrait of an artist, [fulfilling]
all the necessary romantic stereotypes".
The genius or mythologized artist came to fruition
in the Romantic age, with artists and poets like Lord
Byron and William Blake, who led the archetypal 'tortured'
artist life, producing breathtaking masterpieces at
the expense of their sanity and physicality. Plender
disassembles what she considers tired or trite conventions
of art and artist as the underlying formal strategy
in her art. Whereas Zola's original literary Masterpiece
was expected to challenge preconceived notions held
by the art canon, Plender eagerly does the same, contesting
notions of acceptable high art as well as the status
of the comic as an acceptable form for art and narrative
in the contemporary art world. "I am criticizing
these art world structures" she states, "[because]
I am interested in a hybrid position where an artist
is not confined to one form or medium - can be a writer
as well as an artist".
Languages of Narrative, Visual Constitution, and
Film
In conversation, I asked Plender which she considers
her most important role in the constitution of her work
- visual artist, in which the storylines come to life,
or master storyteller, in which she gleans and arranges
an endless number of textual forms to create new storylines,
including dialogue between characters in The Masterpiece.
Her answer is appropriately nondescript, she considers
both as integral to the delivery of her work; one could
not exist without the other. "One of the reasons
that I am currently drawn to film and comics is because
they are forms where words and images are mutually supporting".
She quotes Fahlström as one of her primary influences,
stating that he "saw the comic as a narrative form
lying halfway between the short story and film. He was
not interested in comics as kitsch. Comics present [their
material and their rhetoric] in clear tropes understandable
to the public at large" (Plender). Plender avoids
considering the comic-book's engagement in the high/low
culture binary, and rather emphasizes its relation to
visual and literary semiotics.
"[With comics,] the viewer tries to read a collection
of images and make sense of them [through] a common
visual language" (Kelley 1). Still, like film,
comics have their own semiotics, or visual language
system, based on sequential narrative through which
they are generally understood. In an essay on Fahlström,
artist and critic Mike Kelley draws further connection
between the comic-book and cinema, writing of its paradoxical
formation. Despite its compartmental arrangement upon
the page, suggesting the 'sequential-reading' established
for pictorial-narrative forms, each of the sequential
frames in a comic is presented communally upon the page,
so that this temporal sequence is thus eliminated from
the viewer's visual comprehension of the work. In this
politics of meaning, every image in the composition
is considered to be of equal importance. "Each
part must be considered in its autonomy first, then
related to the system as a whole" (Kelley 2).
Simultaneously visual and narrative-driven, the comic
is at once like and unlike film. Just as Kelley describes,
the comic operates in flux with aspects of temporality
and narrative, predominating each as a complex whole,
while the interrelation of its parts are also responsible
for the development of its overall meaning. In a study
on the relation between the textual/narrative image
and the cinematic features, influential Soviet filmmaker
and originator of the film style known as conflict,
Sergei Eisenstein claims that the connection between
the single image and its constitution in cinema (or,
in this case, the comic,) is "the shot [or the
comic frame," what he calls the "montage cell"
(21). Montage results in "a complete transformation
The
point is that the copulation [or combination] of two
[images] of the simplest series is regarded not as their
sum total but their product
their combination corresponds
to a concept" and creates a third, derivative meaning
(16). Plender's work in comics functions in precisely
this semiological manner: "juxtaposing representational
shots" to formulate new meaning from them.
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