For Plender, meaning is created through this cinematic
concept; she states that comics and film are "intrinsically
linked", perhaps most strongly through their narrative
formulation. Each individual, isolated image-caption,
or syntagm (to use the cinematic term), is re-stitched
into any limitless possible option. The images, or montage
cells, adopt a "liquidity of meaning" (Kelley
2), where their meaning is generated from the semiotic
arrangement of images appearing directly before and
directly after the image in question. Arranged within
a comic format, "the meaning of an image [is] defined
by its context" (Kelley 2), and the formal composition
of the comic-structure is as integral to the reading
of the images, any difference in arrangement or structure
changes the work's entire meaning. As a result, meaning
in Plender's work, like film, is a derivative, associate
process. She cites Chris Martin's 1962 film, La Jetée
as an influence. In the film, a science-fiction from
the French New Wave, still images appear slide-show
style, telling the story of a man in a surrealistic,
post nuclear-fallout torture camp, searching through
time-travel for his lost love. The film, which incorporates
a Vonnegut-worthy plotline with stylishly gloomy and
circular New Wave conventions of mise-en-scéne
and structure, and a dark, graphic aesthetic, seems
custom-built for Plender, who cites interests in the
supernatural, fantastic, and of course - the overtly
romanticized. Like Martin and Fahlström, Plender
uses "a technique similar to collage" in order
to expose the relations between the images within their
new space.
Politics of Display, Reception, History, and Content
I asked Plender if it was important that her work continue
to be seen in the comic-format or experienced as enlarged
frames singularly mounted on gallery walls, as they
have also been exhibited in the past. Plender uses the
comic-format to subvert the exclusionary practice of
painting: its one-of-a-kind status and the privatization
of ownership. In comic-form, The Masterpiece, is both
affordable and potentially ubiquitous (selling for about
$2 a piece,) and as she claims, anti-elitist. She states
that her interest in comics is partly due to a desire
to create accessible work that defies the class restrictions
of so-called 'high-brow' art. However when displayed
in the gallery, its presence is in direct contrast to
the piece's very intention, eliciting the very notions
of 'elitist art' of which she wishes to dissociate herself.
However, Plender's intentions are not meant to circumvent
or complicate these issues of art politics. She states
that although the comic challenge the 'unique' artwork,
or 'masterpiece', she is not preoccupied with its presentment
in the gallery system. Above all, Plender's work is
engaged with the politics of meaning, offering a proliferation
of texts and resources from which meaning manifests.
In the most simplistic context, the work is perceived
as a comic, which historically has not been accepted
as high art. Of Plender's 'comic contemporaries', Robert
Crumb has been praised with much esteem and attention
in the popular media as a true comic 'artist'. However,
Plender's work does not share many qualities with Crumb's,
and she is more inclined to reference traditional sources,
such as the surrealist/symbolist academic drawing styles
of Bochlin or Greiner, as primary influences. In discussion,
Plender talks about Crumb's recent elevation in the
public realm to something of a 'comic-genius'. Similarly,
Harvey Pekar has received the same treatment with the
biopic, American Splendor (Springer-Berman and Pulcini,
2003). The creation of an 'automatic' personage for
both of these artists is something Plender might be
compelled to explore and critique through her own work,
which is itself concerned with the (often pejoratively)
mythologized artist: Jackson Pollock, Austin Osman Spare,
even Zola's fictional Claude Lantier, all of whose infamy
is, at least to some degree, due to their 'fall out'
from the art-world respectability.
Despite dissimilarities, Plender's work, like Crumb's
or Pekar's, inhabits a seemingly un-classifiable space
- it is neither a comic, nor a veritable artwork. Plender
believes that Crumb's work, for instance, adopts new
meanings depending on its audience; a contemporary audience
understands Crumb in a different manner than an art
audience does, and they differently than that of a comic
audience. Yet Crumb's comics often display aspects of
racism or sexism, and contemporarily, he is assumed
to automatically offer societal critiques implicitly
in his work. According to Plender, these works "would
not have been viewed that way in the 1980s, or 1970s,"
but through a sort of collective-retrospect, today this
"auto-critique critique of American culture"
is not only acceptable but expected. Plender's work
similarly benefits from this critical reception; her
work parodies conventions of form and content and it
is left to the audience to decode. Her use of the comic
is considered automatically reactionary, subversive,
and satirical. "The structural identity of the
text [depends] on the coincidence, at the level of strategy,
of decoding (recognition and interpretation) and encoding"
(Hutcheon 34). A keen reader will revel in the palimpsestial
exploration of the text. Plender hopes the reader will
take the time to seek out differences in order to extrapolate
meaning from her work, endlessly decoding to uncover
the secondary and derivative meanings. Many of The
Masterpiece's success may be attributed to its multiplicity
of meaning. Whether understood as generic comic, or
going beyond this label to actively surpass its visual
construction, "[its] final meaning
rests on
the recognition of the superimposition of these levels.
It is this doubleness of both form and [cultural content
to accentuate or even establish] parodic contrast"
in the work's constitution and intended/extracted meaning
(Hutcheon 34).
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